December 6, 2005

Art in AmeriKKKa

James Panero of New Criterion skewers the Whitney for the political art content in its upcoming biennial. A few things.

First, OK, he's right. Politically oriented art—the political art I've seen over the last few years, almost without exception—has been snide, sneering, didactic, transparent, self congratulatory, self satisfied, at times bathetic, more often punny, almost always formulaic. Political art has never really shaken the design roots of its cast and bears, if not a similar appearance to propaganda, at least the same byte-sized message format. Consider.*

But consider also how Panero is right. The substance of his complaint isn't with the impoverishment of political art but, naturally, with the politics itself. His complaint that the left does not make creative work like the right does—referring specifically to a 1986 Dartmouth University incident, sometimes called the "Shanty Wars," in which writers of the conservative Dartmouth Review vandalized a student "shanty" demonstration for divestment in South African companies. Panero doesn't contend that, say, sculptors or postmodernists are not as adept as the "guerilla theatre" artists (his term for the apartheiders, or anti-anti-apartheiders) at making insightful work, but that the left-slash-artworld, as if sitting en banc, is ruling against conservative artists.

So Panero calls out the art world's signature smugness but hoists himself by his own petard, I think, by playing the martyr. The whininess of the right about the representation of liberal values in the culture misses the point of why political art is bad.

(And is simply tough to stomach. Take for example the working title of New Critters Panero and Stefan Beck's upcoming publication: The Dartmouth Review Pleads Innocent: Twenty Five Years of Being Threatened, Impugned, Vandalized, Sued, Suspended, and Bitten at the Ivy League's Most Controversial Conservative Newspaper. Groan. Only a title in jest—um, I think—but the whine seems heartfelt. (But in all honesty, congrats to the two of them on the project.))

So why does political art fall short of the times? Edward Winkleman says it's because artists don't consider opposing viewpoints—in effect, that they lack a nuanced view of the political reality. Sure, I bet that's true for the most egregious examples—the awful flag straightjacket Winkleman posts certianly confirms his point—but there are plenty-thoughtful artists for whom this explanation shouldn't apply.

The trouble is the times. Take the right's lysenkoism vis-à-vis evolution: a "debate" grips the nation despite the fact that hundreds of thousands of scientists operate on one side of it and one tiny flat-earth society makes up nearly the whole oppostion. Yet, somehow, it's the totality of factual support for evolution works against evolution. (Why, I don't know, but it has something to do with what building have you been in that didn't have a designer? Etc.)

Maybe you want to call it "postmodern corruption", or as Chris Cagle puts it, a "politics of second order" ("'the people' instead of the people, 'history' instead of history, 'protest' instead of protest"), but whatever it is that has recently thwarted social liberalism has also stymyied political art. There's an exasperation that comes from facts with no authority. The political art that I see doesn't seem to encapsulate the new political reality, but is instead about how right the art is. Democrats will tell you: That mentality's a handy way to lose elections.

If anything, the substance of political art has sharply declined. I was really feeling Panero while reading about Hans Haacke's exhibit at Paula Cooper. When I was in college and first discovered Haacke's information art, especially his push-polling exercises, something clicked for me. But a one-person gallery show is a retreat from the interventional role he staked out for the artist. High-fives and clinked wine glasses, in these sorry times?

* Hans Haacke, Star Gazing, 2004

UPDATE: Samantha Wolov responds.

Posted by Kriston at December 6, 2005 1:28 AM
Comments

We discussed this ad nauseum in Miami this year, with my business partner skewering the headline about Hirschhorn's anti-war piece ("Gee, being against the war...now that's a novel political statement...who would have thunk to do something on that?")

But what formed the foundation for his ridicule was what I think is actually part of the problem you're exploring Kriston. I think I was the only one in the room at the time who even had the thought cross my mind that it wasn't as obvious as my partner thought it was...that indeed there remain many people for whom being against the war seems unpatriotic, and others still who passionately believe in the war. No one who'd attend an emerging gallery art fair would likely fall into that category (which is why my partner's joke went over so well), but if he had made the joke in a fundamentalist church, he'd have had a very different response.

Which, of course, goes back to what I think it all boils down to...the art world is overwhemlingly left and far too many artists assume that if someone is not also liberal, there's little point to trying to reach them...in other words, they make their work as if their worldview were the only one that mattered.

As you note, that doesn't "encapsulate the new political reality" and makes work produced in that way increasingly irrelevant.

Posted by: Edward_ at December 6, 2005 2:57 PM

I thought Emily Jacir's piece in the last Biennial was very effective -- thought-provoking and persuasive, without crossing the line into smugness.

Posted by: Becks at December 6, 2005 3:22 PM

God, I can't believe I'm writing this, but... um, but Dartmouth insists on calling itself a "College," not a "University." What would normally be written as "Dartmouth University" instead gets written as "Dartmouth College and Medical School and Business School and ... etc."

At the larger level, I'm not sure I really see how your "art operating in an environment of 'facts without authority'" and Edward_'s "artists without nuance" explanations are really that different (and really, I find both explanations mutually reinforcing, and compelling).

I mean, why is the typical political artist without nuance? What should someone do, when they find themselves in the possession of facts, but do not have an anchoring authority in common with their audience?

I guess I see your explanation as a good candidate for the lack-of-nuance that E.W. notes... but I don't know where to go from there.

Anyway, back to the Review thing... why do you think that book title is in jest? The Review writers were often impugned, and rightly so! It's just that often "The Review" is a stand-in for "the fraternity system," and the writers were threatened and insulted in that context. Then the standard move was to take up the persona of a journalist, shoulder the mantle of "free speech," and fight "the campus liberals" with their own weapons.

Hilarious, if you didn't have a horse in that race. Sigh.

Posted by: son1 at December 6, 2005 4:42 PM

I guess the big question for me is whether "political" art actually has any effect on people's political opinions. There's probably not that big a gap between the political views of artists and their audiences in major cities. Seems like political views are much more influenced by mass media and word of mouth (both online and off) than by anything shown in a gallery or museum.

Posted by: David at December 6, 2005 5:25 PM

I hope my take compliments Edward's and doesn't confuse the issue too much. Here's where I think we differ, and it's a fine-grain point: Edward argues that artists lack the proper inputs. He calls for a "purple" art that tries to anticipate the conservative counterargument. Sounds good to me.

I'm focusing on the "outputs" and saying that art doesn't do a good job of explaining the unique qualities that make (for example) the Bush administration so fucking sinister. Rirkrit Tiravanija and Mark di Suvero's 1966 Peace Tower just can't be dropped into our context and have any sort of resonance. Seems naive.
Hell, Peace Tower in the 2006 biennial proves what's lacking in political art today—why look backward?

Then again, while I think it both the points Edward and I are trying to make apply to this work, I still like Serra's Stop Bush, with its nod to Goya (and feel-good imagery!).

Posted by: Kriston at December 6, 2005 5:51 PM

You know, for days like this.

Posted by: Kriston at December 6, 2005 5:53 PM

High-fives and clinked wine glasses, in these sorry times?

Aux armes, citoyens! A few scattered thoughts, sorry if I'm repeating what others have said. First, I'd emphasize what you allude to, that a fair amount of what James writes comparing Dartmouth hijinks is probably not entirely serious, at least not in a straightforward fashion. I'm not saying he's insincere in his larger points, but there's a fair amount of leg-pulling going on, as well as positioning. Which is fine, just wanted to say.

I'm not very good on the topic of art and politics, so I'm scrapping a longer, half-written comment full of on the other hand crap and just leaving this famous remark from Philip Guston as food for thought:

The war, what was happening to America, the brutality of the world. What kind of man am I, sitting at home, reading magazines, going into a frustrated fury about everything - and then going into my studio to adjust a red to a blue

Thinking about how Guston dealt with that question might be useful when considering the state of political art today.

Posted by: JL at December 6, 2005 8:17 PM

Maybe I'm dense, but the points you're making aren't clear to me. Is it that political art (a) too often makes its point in a hamfisted, superficial way, without ever addressing the merits of opposing viewpoints, (b) doesn't do a good job of skewering its intended target? Kriston's post in the comment section seems to say it's both, but I think the points are -- to some extent, at least -- mutually exclusive. Considering counterarguments makes an issue more complicated, and savagely skewering your intended target sounds like it requires you to make issues less complicated.
I'm not trying to be difficult. I like art, and I wish I understood more about it. But art writing, which I read to better understand and appreciate art, sometimes just confuses me. Kriston's writing is pretty straightforward (when I don't understand it, it's mostly because I lack context and background, not because of his writing style, which is good, IMHO), but many times I feel lost. Like I said at the top of this comment, maybe I'm just a knucklehead.

Posted by: Daniel, Esq. at December 6, 2005 8:54 PM

Daniel, Esq.: Thanks for the bright comment. Let me think about it and come back to it.

Becks: That's a really sweet work you've got there, I'd forgotten about it. It's like . . . NGO art.

Posted by: Kriston at December 6, 2005 9:51 PM

This sounded fairly strikingly political.

Posted by: Dan at December 6, 2005 11:25 PM

Dan, esq.: Your (a) is Edward's point; your (b) is what I'm trying to get at. That in postmodern politics truth statements have a greatly deflated value, whereas a great deal of political art is about, well, speak truth to power.

Posted by: Kriston at December 7, 2005 2:48 PM

That makes sense. So, for example, thousands of news columns, blog posts and pundints make a powerful case against torturing suspects, but the conservative "noise machine" -- e.g., an interlocking cyclone of words, opinions, appeals to baser instincts, some intentional obfuscation and distortion of truth,all of which collectively makes the "counter-argument" -- wears people out, and makes them cynically believe that all statements and opinions are equal (or equally suspect). Art can cut through that cynicism with a sharp image, e.g., Serra's "Stop Bush."

That's true at one level. But in some ways, Serra's piece is terribly blunt and oversimplified, isn't it? I mean, few public officials or pundints openly admit it, but there is an argument for torture: If refraining from torture means a terrorist detainee with crucial information stays quiet, allowing a terrorist disaster to occur in a major U.S. city, it is not unreasonable to ask ourselves, in retrospect, whether it was wise to refrain from torturing the suspect to obtain this crucial information.

Please don't misunderstand. I think torture is a bad idea morally (we run too much risk of becoming no better than our enemies) and pratically (the information you obtain via torture is, I've read, often untrue (tortured suspects tell their tormentors what they want to hear) and torturing suspects causes many Islamic people to hate America, which leads to more terrorism down the road). Maybe a good hypothetical counterexample is where a tortured suspect who has crucial information gives his tormentors false information -- because the torture hardens his hatred for his captors -- which keeps us from stopping a terrorist plot, when tough but humane interrogation techniques would have caused the suspect to disclose the real information he had, allowing us to thwart the terrorist plot.

My point is that the issue is more complicated than Serra's piece makes it seem. Or maybe, for me, "Stop Bush" is too content to take an easy and blunt shot at the administration, where a piece that seriously considers the opposing viewpoint -- or is at least more detailed and nuanced -- would have been more powerful. Anyway, that's my thought, for what little it's worth.

Boy, in just two posts I've probably already outlasted my welcome. Sorry for the longwinded comments.

Posted by: Daniel, Esq. at December 7, 2005 5:46 PM

JAJA, UPYACHKA! UG NE PROIDET, BLYA!

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