James Taranto, editor of the WSJ editorial page, OpinionJournal:
Langston Hughes, the poet who inspired John Kerry's new campaign slogan, "Let America be America again," turns out to be a favorite of communists.And then he goes on to snip lines from poems that prove that Langston Hughes was a Red menace and "celebrated violence," and that (obviously) John Kerry intends to subvert American capitalism with black poetry. I don't want to draw too deeply from this fountain of undiluted foolishness, but it should be noted that 1) Taranto is not some undergrad blogger, but the editor of one of the most prominent opinion forums in America, and 2) prominent editor Taranto writes "turns out to be a favorite of communists," not, "turns out to have been a favorite of communists" or "turns out to be a favorite of all reading Americans."
I'll grant Taranto a point he's not making: that when John Kerry (or, for that matter, Laura Bush) is reciting Langston Hughes's poetry, the work probably has been jarred loose from its proper radical context. Recontextualized or not, Langston Hughes was an ardent patriot—though not of the boot-up-your-ass sort that Taranto would recognize.
I mean, Jesus Christ, Hughes wrote "I, Too, Sing America"—he beats out everyone but Charles Schultz, Bruce Willis, and Sam Eagle as far as American bona fides go. The man doesn't need my defense, but anyway, below the cut I've posted three of his poems. There's no missiles in the sky by-God but more than enough patriotism to prove a Bush shill wrong. And it turns out that Kerry's call wasn't a bad one.
(OpinionJournal link courtesy of Media Matters.)
I, Too, Sing AmericaPosted by Kriston at May 26, 2004 2:03 PMI, too, sing America.
I am the darker brother.
They send me to eat in the kitchen
When company comes,
But I laugh,
And eat well,
And grow strong.Tomorrow,
I'll be at the table
When company comes.
Nobody'll dare
Say to me,
"Eat in the kitchen,"
Then.Besides,
They'll see how beautiful I am
And be ashamed--I, too, am America.
Let America Be America AgainLet America be America again.
Let it be the dream it used to be.
Let it be the pioneer on the plain
Seeking a home where he himself is free.(America never was America to me.)
Let America be the dream the dreamers dreamed--
Let it be that great strong land of love
Where never kings connive nor tyrants scheme
That any man be crushed by one above.(It never was America to me.)
O, let my land be a land where Liberty
Is crowned with no false patriotic wreath,
But opportunity is real, and life is free,
Equality is in the air we breathe.(There's never been equality for me,
Nor freedom in this "homeland of the free.")Say, who are you that mumbles in the dark?
And who are you that draws your veil across the stars?I am the poor white, fooled and pushed apart,
I am the Negro bearing slavery's scars.
I am the red man driven from the land,
I am the immigrant clutching the hope I seek--
And finding only the same old stupid plan
Of dog eat dog, of mighty crush the weak.I am the young man, full of strength and hope,
Tangled in that ancient endless chain
Of profit, power, gain, of grab the land!
Of grab the gold! Of grab the ways of satisfying need!
Of work the men! Of take the pay!
Of owning everything for one's own greed!I am the farmer, bondsman to the soil.
I am the worker sold to the machine.
I am the Negro, servant to you all.
I am the people, humble, hungry, mean--
Hungry yet today despite the dream.
Beaten yet today--O, Pioneers!
I am the man who never got ahead,
The poorest worker bartered through the years.Yet I'm the one who dreamt our basic dream
In the Old World while still a serf of kings,
Who dreamt a dream so strong, so brave, so true,
That even yet its mighty daring sings
In every brick and stone, in every furrow turned
That's made America the land it has become.
O, I'm the man who sailed those early seas
In search of what I meant to be my home--
For I'm the one who left dark Ireland's shore,
And Poland's plain, and England's grassy lea,
And torn from Black Africa's strand I came
To build a "homeland of the free."The free?
Who said the free? Not me?
Surely not me? The millions on relief today?
The millions shot down when we strike?
The millions who have nothing for our pay?
For all the dreams we've dreamed
And all the songs we've sung
And all the hopes we've held
And all the flags we've hung,
The millions who have nothing for our pay--
Except the dream that's almost dead today.O, let America be America again--
The land that never has been yet--
And yet must be--the land where every man is free.
The land that's mine--the poor man's, Indian's, Negro's, ME--
Who made America,
Whose sweat and blood, whose faith and pain,
Whose hand at the foundry, whose plow in the rain,
Must bring back our mighty dream again.Sure, call me any ugly name you choose--
The steel of freedom does not stain.
From those who live like leeches on the people's lives,
We must take back our land again,
America!O, yes,
I say it plain,
America never was America to me,
And yet I swear this oath--
America will be!Out of the rack and ruin of our gangster death,
The rape and rot of graft, and stealth, and lies,
We, the people, must redeem
The land, the mines, the plants, the rivers.
The mountains and the endless plain--
All, all the stretch of these great green states--
And make America again!
Theme for English BThe instructor said,
Go home and write
a page tonight.
And let that page come out of you--
Then, it will be true.I wonder if it's that simple?
I am twenty-two, colored, born in Winston-Salem.
I went to school there, then Durham, then here
to this college on the hill above Harlem.
I am the only colored student in my class.
The steps from the hill lead down into Harlem,
through a park, then I cross St. Nicholas,
Eighth Avenue, Seventh, and I come to the Y,
the Harlem Branch Y, where I take the elevator
up to my room, sit down, and write this page:It's not easy to know what is true for you or me
at twenty-two, my age. But I guess I'm what
I feel and see and hear, Harlem, I hear you:
hear you, hear me--we two--you, me, talk on this page.
(I hear New York, too.) Me--who?
Well, I like to eat, sleep, drink, and be in love.
I like to work, read, learn, and understand life.
I like a pipe for a Christmas present,
or records--Bessie, bop, or Bach.
I guess being colored doesn't make me not like
the same things other folks like who are other races.
So will my page be colored that I write?Being me, it will not be white.
But it will be
a part of you, instructor.
You are white--
yet a part of me, as I am a part of you.
That's American.
Sometimes perhaps you don't want to be a part of me.
Nor do I often want to be a part of you.
But we are, that's true!
As I learn from you,
I guess you learn from me--
although you're older--and white--
and somewhat more free.This is my page for English B.
I don't know of a more representative, righteous AND patriotic work than Let America Be America Again.
I am the poor white, fooled and pushed apart, I am the Negro bearing slavery's scars. I am the red man driven from the land, I am the immigrant clutching the hope I seek--
It's just I wish someone other than two rich Yale Skull and Bones white men was running for President, then the poem might have more meaning in the moment.
The strength of the work, for me, lies behind its confidence. For all of its despair, there is this..
The land that never has been yet--
And yet must be--
I'm sorry, but Kerry's the problem for me, not Hughes. And that's coming from probably the most strident anti-communist you know.
--scott
Posted by: J.Scott Barnard at May 26, 2004 4:08 PM"fountain of undiluted foolishness" ... that sounds familiar ... Our university president deriding one of the faculty? Ah, yes. That's it.
Posted by: leslie at May 26, 2004 8:27 PMWell, 'Let America be America' is anti-capitalist, at the least. And it seems, from the language and subject matter, that the work is at least socialist if not full-on communist.
So this is all going to depend, of course, on your definition of whether America as a concept includes the idea of capitalism. If it does, then the work is also unpatriotic. If it doesn't, then it is not unpatriotic.
I think America is necessarily capitalist. And so, I would say that not only is the work unpatriotic, but Kerry is as well for using it, even outside of its proper radical context.
Posted by: walsh at May 26, 2004 9:40 PMOh, come on. Think about what communism was to African Americans in this time period. This is pre-60s black power movement, and the communists in America were the only social movement that was explicitly for the empowerment of the African Americans. Of course they did it for self-serving reasons, and it was likely bad business for the African Americans (hello, Ralph Ellison?), but capitalist America at that time sure wasn't reaching out to the black community.
Communism to Langston Hughes and other African Americans surely wasn't about letting the Russians rule the earth or transfering the means of production to the dictatorship of the proletariat nearly so much as it was about lending a political and social voice to a people in an organized fashion. Social justice, which is certainly an aspect of America, albeit an uncelebrated one at present. You have to look at that in the context of the times, not with what we know now.
And finally, I like to think our country isn't so monolithic that we can say: America means capitalism, so criticism of capitalism is unpatriotic. You know it's not that easy.
Posted by: sue at May 27, 2004 9:05 AMYeah, plus "John Kerry: He Knows the Virtue of Selfishness" lacks that certain ring....
Posted by: Kriston at May 27, 2004 12:08 PMSue-
I'm supposed to put aside everything I know that tells me that Communism is wrong in order to evaluate Communism? Something is wrong there. How can I evaluate Communism without my own knowledge? What is essential, what changes the nature of Communism as an idea then, as opposed to now, with the knowledge that we have now?
Except I'm not asking you to re-evaluate communism, I'm asking you to re-evaluate the reasons that certain portions of the African-American community in that time period were attracted to communism. And what I'm saying is, communism was seen an avenue to social justice.
So to look at Langston Hughes' patriotism as a question of "was he capitalist or anti-capitalist" misses the actual dynamic at work there. It was a question of where can an oppressed minority find a political voice, which communism offered.
Besides all of which, I take issue with the idea that the poem is essentially anti-capitalist and anti-American. You could say it speaks out against huge income disparities, social inequities, and the kind of structural impediments to success that were thrown up in the faces of so many Americans. But it's also basically a love song to the ideal promise of America. And yes, I do know how gay that sounds.
Posted by: susan at May 27, 2004 4:08 PMWell, in order not to hijack another comment stream, I'm going to quit. Let's just say that I regard anything that demeans capitalism as evil and anything that glorifies communism for any reason whatsoever as evil. You can call it simplistic, and you can say that I know "better", but the reality is there is no "better" to know.
If this poem actually resembled a love song to the ideal promise of America, then feeling that about it would not be gay.
Posted by: at May 27, 2004 8:50 PMsorry, last comment was me.
Posted by: walsh at May 28, 2004 3:33 AM